Aug 9, 2023. James (Jim) Woodrow Foust, 73, passed away peacefully, with his family by his side, on August 9th, 2023, in Riverton, Utah, after a brave fight against lung cancer. Jim was born in Provo, Utah, on the 26th of August, 1949, to Joseph Woodrow (Woody) and Leona Ferne Hanson Foust. He was the youngest of 4 children.Unformatted text preview: Mcdougal Algebra 1 Textbook Answers Pdf Free PDF eBook Download: Mcdougal Algebra 1 Textbook Answers Pdf Download or Read Online eBook mcdougal algebra 1 textbook answers pdf in PDF Format From The Best User Guide Database Our Holt McDougal Algebra Textbook: Please remember to show your work for all problems and circle your final answers. . 1-12 Holt McDougal Algebra 1 .McDougal Lake Campground. McDougal Lake Campground provides easy access to a wide variety of recreational activities including hiking, boating, fishing, picnicking and swimming within the central part of Superior National Forest. Superior National Forest, located in northeastern Minnesota's arrowhead region, is comprised of three million acres.Official site for Karen McDougal. About . Official site for Karen McDougalKaren McDougal (born March 23, 1971) is an American model and actress. She is known for her appearances in Playboy magazine as Playmate of the Month for December 1997 [1] and Playmate of the Year of 1998, and for her alleged 9-month-long affair with Donald Trump before he became president. [3] In 2001, the readers of Playboy voted McDougal the ...Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Karen Mcdougal stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Karen Mcdougal stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Karen Mcdougal stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Karen Mcdougal stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.Ronan Farrow on an affair between Donald Trump and the Playboy Playmate Karen McDougal that was concealed following a financial deal involving American Media, Inc., and the National Enquirer.McDougall-approved recipes that are easy and delicious. Optimal health is achieved by eating a low-fat, high fiber, minimally processed, starch-based diet with fruits and vegetables. This is not all or nothing. We teach the principles of healthy living. The more you do, the better your results.Prosecutors have asked at least one witness questions about a $150,000 payment the publisher of the National Enquirer made to the model, Karen McDougal, to buy her story about the alleged affair ...Vegan Breakfast Recipes. No-Huevos Rancheros. By Mary McDougall The idea for this recipe came from the Mexican breakfast of scrambled eggs over tortillas and beans, Maximum Weight Loss. Chunky Gazpacho. By Mary McDougall During the summer months I always serve several different versions of gazpacho, the classic cold toma. Sandwiches & Wraps.Mary is a retired nurse, homemaker, co-founder of the McDougall Program and co-author of 13 national best-selling books. Over the past 50 years, Mary has worked with Dr. John McDougall caring for people using diet therapy to restore health and has created over 3,000 health-supporting recipes. Mary is best known as the inventor of low-fat, vegan ...Regain Your Health in Under 2 Weeks. The 12-Day McDougall Program is a life-saving online medical program that has been reversing and healing chronic illness for over 35 years through expert medical care, world-class education and whole food, starch-based nutrition. Our program is now 100% online and includes all education and medical care ...Mary is a retired nurse, homemaker, co-founder of the McDougall Program and co-author of 13 national best-selling books. Over the past 50 years, Mary has worked with Dr. John McDougall caring for people using diet therapy to restore health and has created over 3,000 health-supporting recipes. Mary is best known as the inventor of low-fat, vegan ...Susan Carol McDougal (née Henley; born 1955) is a real estate investor who served prison time as a result of the Whitewater controversy. Her refusal to answer "three questions" for a grand jury, on whether President Bill Clinton lied in his testimony during her Whitewater trial, led her to receive a jail sentence of 18 months for contempt of ...Save $100. Learn the fundamentals of the McDougall Program for Maximum Weight Loss. We’ve designed a mini-course to help you easily learn the most important aspects of how to lose weight in a safe, sustainable and healthy way. Lose weight effortlessly by eating your favorite starch-centered comfort foods like potatoes, beans and rice.Vegan Breakfast Recipes. No-Huevos Rancheros. By Mary McDougall The idea for this recipe came from the Mexican breakfast of scrambled eggs over tortillas and beans, Maximum Weight Loss. Chunky Gazpacho. By Mary McDougall During the summer months I always serve several different versions of gazpacho, the classic cold toma. Sandwiches & Wraps.2011 Mack GU713 T/A Sanding Truck w/ Snow Plow Location: St. John St & 6th Avenue, Regina, SK Lot: 541 Status: OpenDr. McDougal earned his Ph.D. in Mathematics from The Ohio State University in 2011. He did postdoctoral training at Yale in computer science, neurobiology, and medical informatics; during the later, he earned an MS in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics from Yale. From 2016 until joining the Department of Biostatistics in 2019, he was an ...Learning at McDougals is a great way to make friends with people who share your passion, while expanding your skills with our ever-changing selection of information-packed classes and fun-filled events. Our instructors love to turn amateurs into experts and experts into superstars through our wide variety of classes in sewing, embroidery ...Karen McDougal attends Playboy's Super Saturday Night Party at Sagamore Hotel on February 6, 2010 in Miami Beach, Florida. Karen McDougal during 7th Annual Playboy Golf Scramble Championship Finals at Lost Canyons Golf Club in Simi Valley, California, United States.Mary is a retired nurse, homemaker, co-founder of the McDougall Program and co-author of 13 national best-selling books. Over the past 50 years, Mary has worked with Dr. John McDougall caring for people using diet therapy to restore health and has created over 3,000 health-supporting recipes. Mary is best known as the inventor of low-fat, vegan ...McDoogals, Pasadena, Maryland. 968 likes · 3 talking about this · 1,271 were here. We are a BYOB gentlemans club. Full nude lap dances, table dances, and stage dances. Ages and 18 andEarly History of the McDougal family. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our McDougal research. Another 154 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1175, 1244 and 1316 are included under the topic Early McDougal History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.Telegram Group Join Now. Karen McDougal is a popular American model and actress who has made a name for herself in the entertainment industry. She was born on March 23, 1971, in Merrillville, Indiana, USA. Karen has worked with some of the top magazines and brands in the world, including Playboy and Cosmopolitan.1. Monthly live Zoom calls with Dr. John, Mary and Heather McDougall. A casual and fun way to connect with the direct source. Come prepared with your questions! 2. Dr. McDougall has provided practical advice and organized lesson plans to help practicing physicians and certified graduates of The Starch Solution Certification Course (TSSCC).Karen McDougal attends Playboy's Super Saturday Night Party at Sagamore Hotel on February 6, 2010 in Miami Beach, Florida. Karen McDougal during 7th Annual Playboy Golf Scramble Championship Finals at Lost Canyons Golf Club in Simi Valley, California, United States.McDougal entered agreement, but now thinks it was more to protect Trump . McDougal said she entered the deal with American Media Inc. thinking that it was a "win-win" situation for her.Star McDougallers. Watch and read the inspiring success stories of people who reclaimed their health by following the McDougall Program. Some put chronic ailments behind them, others experienced dramatic weight loss, and still others faced and overcame far more dire circumstances. Here is where our Star McDougallers speak for themselves. Dresses for every occasion | From one-of-a-kind styles fabricated for red carpet, to cocktail dresses and evening gowns to mark special occasions and milestone moments – every Mac Duggal design is a timeless and ageless fashion statement.Success Stories. Many people who adopt a whole-food, starch-based diet and lifestyle have found the freedom to reach their ideal weight and maintain it - all without going hungry, counting calories, or eating at specific times of the day. With the McDougall Program, you simply eat the right foods when you’re hungry until you’re comfortably ...Early History of the McDougal family. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our McDougal research. Another 154 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1175, 1244 and 1316 are included under the topic Early McDougal History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.McDougal, often referred to in newspapers only as a former Playboy model, had been trying to sell the story of her 2006 to 2007 affair to a tabloid since June 2016, according to court filings. By ...Under his leadership, McDougal REALTORS® has listed or sold more than $5 billion in real estate. Marc is a past president of the Lubbock Apartment Association and has served on the boards of the West Texas Home Builders Association, Lubbock Board of REALTORS®, and numerous other boards locally. He was mayor of Lubbock from 2002–06.Shop our great selection of Women's Dresses from MAC DUGGAL at Macy's! Explore the latest trends, styles and deals with free shipping options available!Mary’s Mini-McDougall Diet® is based on simplicity and monotony. It can help to lose weight and/or reset taste buds and get back “on the wagon” to following the basic McDougall diet. Mary’s Mini-McDougall Diet® follows the basic principles of the McDougall program: starch-based with the addition of vegetables, but limits food choices ...The Free McDougall Program puts recovery from chronic disease and attainment of excellent health within everyone’s reach. Changing your diet, starting an exercise program and giving up bad habits require effort. We encourage you to take advantage of additional educational opportunities such as our national bestselling books, videos and online ...Clan MacDougall is a Highland Scottish clan, historically based in and around Argyll. The Lord Lyon King of Arms, the Scottish official with responsibility for regulating heraldry in Scotland, issuing new grants of coats of arms, and serving as the judge of the Court of the Lord Lyon, recognizes under Scottish law the Chief of Clan MacDougall.Regain Your Health in Under 2 Weeks. The 12-Day McDougall Program is a life-saving online medical program that has been reversing and healing chronic illness for over 35 years through expert medical care, world-class education and whole food, starch-based nutrition. Our program is now 100% online and includes all education and medical care ...Apr 5, 2023 · Born in Indiana, McDougal is a 52-year old actress and former Playboy model. According to her website, she began her career in her 20s as a fitness model for various health and fitness... Regain Your Health in Under 2 Weeks. The 12-Day McDougall Program is a life-saving online medical program that has been reversing and healing chronic illness for over 35 years through expert medical care, world-class education and whole food, starch-based nutrition. Our program is now 100% online and includes all education and medical care ...Official site for Karen McDougal. About . Official site for Karen McDougalMcDougal's payment in August 2016 was arranged through the publisher of the National Enquirer as part of tabloid practice known as "catch and kill," in order to prevent it from ever becoming public.Welcome to McDougal Caldwell The loss of a loved one can leave you with a lot of unanswered questions, feelings of stress and anxiety and grief that makes events difficult to handle. The experienced funeral directors at McDougal Caldwell Funerals & Cremations will guide you through the aspects of the funeral service with compassion, dignity and ...September 24, 2020 8:01am. Fox News Media. A federal judge on Thursday tossed out a defamation claim against Fox News brought by Karen McDougal, the former Playboy model who claimed to have had an ...Apr 3, 2023 · Stormy Daniels and Karen McDougal are part of a series of professional women who struck at Donald Trump’s power. In a post-#MeToo era, will he fall? Welcome to Holt McDougal Online! I am a New User and need to register for a program. I am an Evaluator with a sample word and need to preview a program.Welcome to Holt McDougal Online. Register or log in with your user name and password to access your account.Caption: McDougal’s ship’s company arrayed for a group photograph, officers in the foreground, with chief petty officers immediately behind them. Note the shield on the forward gun and the framework to prevent the depression of the gun to fire into the forecastle, as well as the hinged pierced plate platforms to extend the working circle for the mount, the splinter mattresses hung on the ...November 5, 1942 - August 22, 2023. Robert Neal Dawes, age 80, husband of Jean M. Dawes, of Anderson, SC, passed away Tuesday, August 22, 2023, at AnMed Med... The McDougald Funeral Home View Details | Plant a Tree. Next.Under his leadership, McDougal REALTORS® has listed or sold more than $5 billion in real estate. Marc is a past president of the Lubbock Apartment Association and has served on the boards of the West Texas Home Builders Association, Lubbock Board of REALTORS®, and numerous other boards locally. He was mayor of Lubbock from 2002–06.James B. McDougal, the wily Arkansas banking rogue who drew Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton into real estate deals that have come to haunt them, suffered cardiac arrest yesterday and died ...First established in 1985, Mac Duggal gowns are flattering options for women sizes 0 to 30. Plunging sheath gowns are graced with allover embellishments, while its plunging v neckline, low-cut back, and column silhouette create a stunning look that will keep all eyes on you. A long-sleeve, thigh-slit satin gown takes its cues from old school ...Apr 5, 2023 · Born in Indiana, McDougal is a 52-year old actress and former Playboy model. According to her website, she began her career in her 20s as a fitness model for various health and fitness... Star McDougallers. Watch and read the inspiring success stories of people who reclaimed their health by following the McDougall Program. Some put chronic ailments behind them, others experienced dramatic weight loss, and still others faced and overcame far more dire circumstances. Here is where our Star McDougallers speak for themselves.View Details. Request a review. Learn moreNobody does prom like Mac Duggal. No matter what your prom style, we have the perfect dress. Shop our collection of size-inclusive sequined and embellished prom gowns, trendy prom dresses, chic runway-inspired prom gowns, plus size gowns, modest prom gowns, and moreKaren McDougal attends Playboy’s Super Saturday Night Party at the Sagamore Hotel in Miami Beach on Feb. 6, 2010. (Dimitrios Kambouris/Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty Images) Former president Donald ...McDougal Funeral Home. Serving Utah families since 1950. The loss of a loved one can leave you with a lot of unanswered questions, feelings of stress, and anxiety and grief that makes events difficult to handle. We will guide you through the aspects of the funeral service with compassion, dignity, and respect.The Free McDougall Program puts recovery from chronic disease and attainment of excellent health within everyone’s reach. Changing your diet, starting an exercise program and giving up bad habits require effort. We encourage you to take advantage of additional educational opportunities such as our national bestselling books, videos and online ...Shop our great selection of Women's Dresses from MAC DUGGAL at Macy's! Explore the latest trends, styles and deals with free shipping options available!Mary’s Mini-McDougall Diet® is a trimmed-down, fast-acting modification of the regular McDougall diet: it is starch-based with the addition of non-starchy vegetables. This is a simplified tool for people overwhelmed by the initial challenges of starting on the McDougall program and/or boosting their progress when they feel that changes are ...The McDougald Funeral Home in Anderson, SC provides funeral, memorial, aftercare, pre-planning, and cremation services in Anderson and the surrounding areas.James B. McDougal, the wily Arkansas banking rogue who drew Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton into real estate deals that have come to haunt them, suffered cardiac arrest yesterday and died ...McDougall or McDougal (see also MacDougall) is a common Scottish surname that can refer to several people, places and things. People named McDougall [ edit ] Alexander McDougall , American privateer, merchant, and revolutionary leaderJennifer McDougal, Licensed Professional Counselor, Wake Forest, NC, 27587, (919) 887-7984, ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. We specialize in perinatal, infertility, rehabilitation and addiction counseling ...Dr. Patrick D. McDougal is a Emergency Medicine Physician in Lawrenceville, GA. Find Dr. McDougal's phone number, address, hospital affiliations and more.Ronan Farrow on an affair between Donald Trump and the Playboy Playmate Karen McDougal that was concealed following a financial deal involving American Media, Inc., and the National Enquirer.1-800-263-XXXX (Click to reveal) Fax: 306-781-6161. View Website. Email Auctioneer. McDougall Auctioneers Ltd. started in 1982 as a small family-owned auction business. Today, We are widely recognized as one of the leading auctioneering and appraising companies in Saskatchewan. Along the way, we have built a solid reputation for reliable ...Over 300 delicious starch-based recipes you can prepare in 15 minutes or less. By using more canned and packaged products, Mary McDougall has put together so. Mary makes 14 delicious recipes that are consistent family and guest pleasers. Also included are 14 medical lessons on type-2 di.McDougal made headlines in 2018 when it surfaced that Michael Cohen, Trump's longtime lawyer and fixer, had arranged for American Media Inc., the owner of the tabloid the National Enquirer, to pay ...McDougal Lake Campground. McDougal Lake Campground provides easy access to a wide variety of recreational activities including hiking, boating, fishing, picnicking and swimming within the central part of Superior National Forest. Superior National Forest, located in northeastern Minnesota's arrowhead region, is comprised of three million acres.Star McDougallers. Watch and read the inspiring success stories of people who reclaimed their health by following the McDougall Program. Some put chronic ailments behind them, others experienced dramatic weight loss, and still others faced and overcame far more dire circumstances. Here is where our Star McDougallers speak for themselves. A 52-year-old former model and actress from Indiana, McDougal was a Playboy magazine Playmate of the Year in the late 1990s. She has said she had an affair with Trump in 2006 and 2007. Trump has ...McDougal, often referred to in newspapers only as a former Playboy model, had been trying to sell the story of her 2006 to 2007 affair to a tabloid since June 2016, according to court filings. By ...Over 300 delicious starch-based recipes you can prepare in 15 minutes or less. By using more canned and packaged products, Mary McDougall has put together so. Mary makes 14 delicious recipes that are consistent family and guest pleasers. Also included are 14 medical lessons on type-2 di.John McDougall, MD, is a physician, speaker, and best-selling author who teaches the importance of a whole food, starch-based diet in order to halt, reverse and heal chronic disease. Dr. McDougall is co-founder of the McDougall Program alongside his wife, Mary McDougall – the original whole-food plant-based vegan and creator of thousands of ...Vegan Breakfast Recipes. No-Huevos Rancheros. By Mary McDougall The idea for this recipe came from the Mexican breakfast of scrambled eggs over tortillas and beans, Maximum Weight Loss. Chunky Gazpacho. By Mary McDougall During the summer months I always serve several different versions of gazpacho, the classic cold toma. Sandwiches & Wraps.Dr. Grant E. McDougal is a nephrologist in Indianapolis, Indiana and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Community Hospital North and Ascension St. Vincent Carmel. He ...Welcome to Holt McDougal Online. Register or log in with your user name and password to access your account.Apr 5, 2023 · Born in Indiana, McDougal is a 52-year old actress and former Playboy model. According to her website, she began her career in her 20s as a fitness model for various health and fitness... Dr. Kathleen A. McDougal is an internist in Green Bay, Wisconsin and is affiliated with HSHS St. Vincent Hospital.She received her medical degree from University of Wisconsin School of Medicine ...James McDougal's Last Word Is A Tell-All Book. WASHINGTON (AP, May 15) -- Alleged cash payoffs to Bill Clinton of $2,000 a month. A supposed presidential promise to pardon Susan McDougal ...Chicken Finger Sandwich Basket. Fried or Grilled → Plain or Tossed. 2 chicken fingers, served on grilled Tennessee Toast, with lettuce, tomato, mayo, fries, pickles on side & 1 dipp'n sauce.Apr 5, 2023 · Former playboy model Karen McDougal returned to the media spotlight after her allegations of an affair with Trump were linked to the case brought by Alvin Bragg. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Karen Mcdougal stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Karen Mcdougal stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.September 24, 2020 8:01am. Fox News Media. A federal judge on Thursday tossed out a defamation claim against Fox News brought by Karen McDougal, the former Playboy model who claimed to have had an ...Under his leadership, McDougal REALTORS® has listed or sold more than $5 billion in real estate. Marc is a past president of the Lubbock Apartment Association and has served on the boards of the West Texas Home Builders Association, Lubbock Board of REALTORS®, and numerous other boards locally. He was mayor of Lubbock from 2002–06.Welcome to Holt McDougal Online! We need to confirm your identity. Please select your State and District, and then click Log In. I am a New User and need to register for a program. I am an Evaluator with a sample word and need to preview a program.Welcome to Holt McDougal Online! I am a New User and need to register for a program. I am an Evaluator with a sample word and need to preview a program.
John McDougall, MD, is a physician, speaker, and best-selling author who teaches the importance of a whole food, starch-based diet in order to halt, reverse and heal chronic disease. Dr. McDougall is co-founder of the McDougall Program alongside his wife, Mary McDougall – the original whole-food plant-based vegan and creator of thousands of .... Louisiana and delta railroad
Under his leadership, McDougal REALTORS® has listed or sold more than $5 billion in real estate. Marc is a past president of the Lubbock Apartment Association and has served on the boards of the West Texas Home Builders Association, Lubbock Board of REALTORS®, and numerous other boards locally. He was mayor of Lubbock from 2002–06.Mary is a retired nurse, homemaker, co-founder of the McDougall Program and co-author of 13 national best-selling books. Over the past 50 years, Mary has worked with Dr. John McDougall caring for people using diet therapy to restore health and has created over 3,000 health-supporting recipes. Mary is best known as the inventor of low-fat, vegan ...Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Karen Mcdougal stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Karen Mcdougal stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.McDougal even accused him in court documents of colluding with Trump’s associates while pretending to represent her. CBS/"60 Minutes" 5 new details from Stormy Daniels about her alleged affair ...Save $100. Learn the fundamentals of the McDougall Program for Maximum Weight Loss. We’ve designed a mini-course to help you easily learn the most important aspects of how to lose weight in a safe, sustainable and healthy way. Lose weight effortlessly by eating your favorite starch-centered comfort foods like potatoes, beans and rice.Leadership Delbert McDougal Chairman Emeritus After a 25-year career with General Electric, Delbert left to start his own housing company. More than 25 years later, his vision has grown into a multi-million-dollar apartment, property development, construction, realty, and property management corporation. McDougal Sewing Center 20141 Park Row Katy, TX 77449 Directions (281) 347-0453. fry road JOANN Fabrics and Crafts 1219 N Fry Rd Katy, TX 77450 Directions (281) 398-4332.Early History of the McDougal family. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our McDougal research. Another 154 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1175, 1244 and 1316 are included under the topic Early McDougal History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.Dresses for every occasion | From one-of-a-kind styles fabricated for red carpet, to cocktail dresses and evening gowns to mark special occasions and milestone moments – every Mac Duggal design is a timeless and ageless fashion statement.Mac Duggal designer dresses have turned heads for 30 years. Discover why his prom dresses, ball gowns, couture dresses, and pageant wear are so desirable. Browse our large Mac Duggal collection here in The Dress Outlet. Known for whimsical styles with unexpected accents, Mac Duggal truly has a signature look. Drape yourself in luxury and feel ...McDoogals, Pasadena, Maryland. 968 likes · 3 talking about this · 1,271 were here. We are a BYOB gentlemans club. Full nude lap dances, table dances, and stage dances. Ages and 18 andMcDoogals, Pasadena, Maryland. 968 likes · 3 talking about this · 1,271 were here. We are a BYOB gentlemans club. Full nude lap dances, table dances, and stage dances. Ages and 18 andNobody does prom like Mac Duggal. No matter what your prom style, we have the perfect dress. Shop our collection of size-inclusive sequined and embellished prom gowns, trendy prom dresses, chic runway-inspired prom gowns, plus size gowns, modest prom gowns, and moreThe McDougald Funeral Home in Anderson, SC provides funeral, memorial, aftercare, pre-planning, and cremation services in Anderson and the surrounding areas.Blend edgy modernism with classic sophistication, with dresses and gowns from Mac Duggal. Browse women's dresses, gowns, jumpsuits, and more, all in flattering styles for all.McDougall Energy has been a trusted marketer and distributor of fuels since 1949. Leveraging globally recognized brands Esso ™, Mobil, and Shell, McDougall Energy offers unique and customized solutions to customers throughout Ontario and Western Canada. The core of our business is providing peace of mind with quality products and reliable ...Holt McDougal Literature, a research-based and digitally interactive English Language Arts program for grades 6–12, provides an engaging learning environment designed to help students achieve success with rigorous standards and next-generation assessments.Nobody does prom like Mac Duggal. No matter what your prom style, we have the perfect dress. Shop our collection of size-inclusive sequined and embellished prom gowns, trendy prom dresses, chic runway-inspired prom gowns, plus size gowns, modest prom gowns, and moreMcDougal entered agreement, but now thinks it was more to protect Trump . McDougal said she entered the deal with American Media Inc. thinking that it was a "win-win" situation for her.Mary’s Mini-McDougall Diet® is a trimmed-down, fast-acting modification of the regular McDougall diet: it is starch-based with the addition of non-starchy vegetables. This is a simplified tool for people overwhelmed by the initial challenges of starting on the McDougall program and/or boosting their progress when they feel that changes are ....